Burning the Bootloader without external AVR-Writer

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1. FT232RL BitBang Mode AVR-Writer
   

   FT232RL is an USB-Serial bridge on an Arduino Dicimila/NG/Duemilanove PCB. It has the function to manipulate each signal pin directly. It's called BitBang Mode.

   "avrdude-serjtag" is AVR-Writer software developed by Mr.Suz. It include the function to control FT232RL BitBang Mode.

   If we use "avrdude-serjtag" we can burn the bootloader by Diecimila itself.

   I describe below the method. on Windows-XP.

   
   
2. Modify the Dicimila
   

   There are four pads written as X3 near FT232RL on a Diecimila PCB. (These pads are connected to the control pins of FT232RL.)
   Remove the solder of these pads and insert a pin-header. And soldering it.

    

       

   
   
3. Installing avrdude-serjtag
   

   Download serjtag-0.3 and extract it.

   serjtag-0.3.zip mirror site

   serjtag-0.3.tar.gz mirror site

   serjtag-0.3.zip original site (http://suz-avr.sblo.jp/article/4438871.html)

   serjtag-0.3.tar.gz original site (http://suz-avr.sblo.jp/article/4438871.html)



• Attention(1) !!!

  If you want use "avrdude-serjtag" on Linux or Mac OS, you must remake ( patch, reconfigure and recompile) it.

  There are useful projects. avrdude by FT245R/FT232R(Linux) and BitBang Mode AVR-Writer on Mac (Translated to English by Google.) These projects made a way to BitBang Mode AVR-Writer on Linux and Mac !!!

Of course, if you use Windows in Vmware on your Linux or Mac OS, you can run "avrdude-serjtag(windows version)".

• Attention(2) !!!

  Cannot integrate "avrdude-serjtag" to Arduino-IDE. So we must operate it manually.



4. Configure avrdude-serjtag
   

   Insert the script as follows in programmer section of serjtag-0.3\avrdude-serjtag\binary\avrdude.conf.

   #arduino diecimila
   programmer
     id="diecimila";
     desc = "FT232R Synchronous BitBang";
     type = ft245r;
     miso = 3;  # CTS X3(1)
     sck = 5;  # DSR X3(2)
     mosi = 6;  # DCD X3(3)
     reset = 7;  # RI X3(4)
   ;
   
   
5. Testing
   
   • Wiring
     

     Connect the pins of X3 and the pins of ICSP by wires. Please see the photograph below. (click to enlarge)

       

   
   
   • Connect Diecimila and a PC by a USB cable.
   • Starting avrdude-serjtag
     Start "Command Prompt" of Windows and operate as follows.
     
     Change current directory.
     C:\Documents and Settings\admin>cd C:\serjtag-0.3\avrdude-serjtag\binary
     Start avrdude-serjtag with slow clock mode.
     C:\serjtag-0.3\avrdude-serjtag\binary>avrdude -c diecimila -P ft0 -p m168 -t -B 4800
     avrdude: BitBang OK
     avrdude: pin assign miso 3 sck 5 mosi 6 reset 7
     avrdude: drain OK
       ft245r: bitclk 4800 -> ft baud 2400
     avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
     Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s
     avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9406
     Return value 0x1e9406 is device signature code of ATmega168
     Quit avrdude-serjtag
     avrdude> quit
     >>>quit
     avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK
     
     avrdude done. Thank you.
     
     C:\serjtag-0.3\avrdude-serjtag\binary>
     
     
     When do not work, it is displayed as follows.
     C:\serjtag-0.3\avrdude-serjtag\binary>avrdude -c diecimila -P ft0 -p m168 -t -B 4800
     avrdude: BitBang OK
     avrdude: pin assign miso 3 sck 5 mosi 6 reset 7
     avrdude: drain OK
       ft245r: bitclk 4800 -> ft baud 2400
     avrdude: ft245r_program_enable: failed
     avrdude: initialization failed, rc=-1
                 Double check connections and try again, or use -F to override
                 this check.
     
     avrdude done. Thank you.
     
     C:\serjtag-0.3\avrdude-serjtag\binary>
     
     
     Start avrdude-serjtag with fast clock mode.
     C:\serjtag-0.3\avrdude-serjtag\binary>avrdude -c diecimila -P ft0 -p m168 -t
     avrdude: BitBang OK
     avrdude: pin assign miso 3 sck 5 mosi 6 reset 7
     avrdude: drain OK
       ft245r: bitclk 230400 -> ft baud 115200
     avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
     Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s
     avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9406
     avrdude> quit
     >>>quit
     avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK
     
     avrdude done. Thank you.
     
     C:\serjtag-0.3\avrdude-serjtag\binary>
     
     
     
6. Burning the Bootloader
   
   • Reading Fuse-Bits
     Read fuse-bits of ATmega168 and memorize or copy it.
     
     C:\serjtag-0.3\avrdude-serjtag\binary>avrdude -c diecimila -P ft0 -p m168 -t
     avrdude: BitBang OK
     avrdude: pin assign miso 3 sck 5 mosi 6 reset 7
     avrdude: drain OK
       ft245r: bitclk 230400 -> ft baud 115200
     avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
     Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s
     avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9406
     avrdude> d efuse
     >>> d efuse
     0000  00
     
     avrdude> d hfuse
     >>> d hfuse
     0000  dd
     
     avrdude> d lfuse
     >>> d lfuse
     0000  ff
     
     avrdude> d lock
     >>> d lock
     0000  0f
     
     avrdude> quit
     >>>quit
     avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK
     
     avrdude done. Thank you.
     
     C:\serjtag-0.3\avrdude-serjtag\binary>
     
     
     
   • Copying bootloader
     Copy ATmegaBOOT_168_diecimila.hex of "arduino-0011\hardware\bootloaders\atmega168\" to folder of "serjtag-0.3\avrdude-serjtag\binary\".
     
   
   
   • Insert new chip
     

     - Disconnect a USB cable from Diecimila.

     - Remove ATmega168-chip from Diecimila

     - Insert new ATmega168-chip

     - Connect a USB cable to Diecimila again.

   
   
   • Writing Fuse-Bits without Lock-Bit
     Start arvedude-serjtag with slow clock mode. And write fuse-bits.
     Attention !!! New chip cannot run by fast clock mode.
     
     C:\serjtag-0.3\avrdude-serjtag\binary>avrdude -c diecimila -P ft0 -p m168 -t -B 4800
     avrdude: BitBang OK
     avrdude: pin assign miso 3 sck 5 mosi 6 reset 7
     avrdude: drain OK
       ft245r: bitclk 4800 -> ft baud 2400
     avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
     Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s
     avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9406
     Erase chip
     avrdude> erase
     >>> erase
     avrdude: erasing chip
     ft245r: bitclk 4800 -> ft baud 2400
     Write fuse-bits
     avrdude> w efuse 0 0x00
     >>> w efuse 0 0x00
     
     avrdude> w hfuse 0 0xdd
     >>> w hfuse 0 0xdd
     
     avrdude> w lfuse 0 0xff
     >>> w lfuse 0 0xff
     
     avrdude> quit
     
     Check whether it work with a fast clock mode.
     C:\serjtag-0.3\avrdude-serjtag\binary>avrdude -c diecimila -P ft0 -p m168 -t
     avrdude: BitBang OK
     avrdude: pin assign miso 3 sck 5 mosi 6 reset 7
     avrdude: drain OK
       ft245r: bitclk 230400 -> ft baud 115200
     avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
     Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s
     avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9406
     avrdude> quit
     
     
     Burn the bootloader by command line mode ( without -t option )
     C:\**\binary> avrdude -c diecimila -P ft0 -p m168 -U flash:w:ATmegaBOOT_168_diecimila.hex
     avrdude: BitBang OK
     avrdude: pin assign miso 3 sck 5 mosi 6 reset 7
     avrdude: drain OK
       ft245r: bitclk 230400 -> ft baud 115200
     avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
     Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s
     avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9406
     avrdude: NOTE: FLASH memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed
                 To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
     avrdude: erasing chip
     ft245r: bitclk 230400 -> ft baud 115200
     avrdude: reading input file "ATmegaBOOT_168_diecimila.hex"
     avrdude: input file ATmegaBOOT_168_diecimila.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
     avrdude: writing flash (16154 bytes):
     
     Writing | ################################################## | 100% 8.75s
     
     avrdude: 16154 bytes of flash written
     avrdude: verifying flash memory against ATmegaBOOT_168_diecimila.hex:
     avrdude: load data flash data from input file ATmegaBOOT_168_diecimila.hex:
     avrdude: input file ATmegaBOOT_168_diecimila.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
     avrdude: input file ATmegaBOOT_168_diecimila.hex contains 16154 bytes
     avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:
     
     Reading | ################################################## | 100% 4.05s
     
     avrdude: verifying ...
     avrdude: 16154 bytes of flash verified
     avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK
     
     avrdude done. Thank you.
     
     C:\serjtag-0.3\avrdude-serjtag\binary>
     
     Writing Lock-Bit
     C:\serjtag-0.3\avrdude-serjtag\binary>avrdude -c diecimila -P ft0 -p m168 -t
     avrdude: BitBang OK
     avrdude: pin assign miso 3 sck 5 mosi 6 reset 7
     avrdude: drain OK
       ft245r: bitclk 230400 -> ft baud 115200
     avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
     Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s
     avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9406
     avrdude> w lock 0 0x0f
     >>> w lock 0 0x0f
     
     avrdude> quit
     
     
     With the above burning of the bootloader is the end.
     
   
   
   If you want to burn the bootloader onto .....
   • ATmega8 [Click here]

     at ATmega8: Use these fuse-bits and lock-bit.

     • hfuse = CA
     • lfuse = DF
     • unlock = 3F
     • lock = 0F

     About lock-bit, http://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/Bootloader says unlock = FF, lock = CF. That is wrong in this method.

     Information from Mr. RV Prakash. Thanks.

   • ATmega328P [Click here]

     Download avrdude.conf (Update: it's included chip-parameter of ATmega328P and 88P)

     Use these fuse-bits,lock-bit and .hex file as follows. (according to arduino-0013\hardware\board.txt)

     • hfuse = DA
     • lfuse = FF
     • efuse = 05
     • unlock = 3F
     • lock = 0F
     • bootloader .hex file
       arduino-0013(or 0014)\hardware\bootloaders\atmega168\ATmegaBOOT_168_atmega328.hex
   
   
   • Confirming
     

     - Disconnect a USB cable from Diecimila.

     - Remove the wires of ICSP and X3.

     - Connect a USB cable to Diecimila again.

     - Push the reset button of Diecimila.

     - Start Arudino-IDE

     - Upload sample sketch "Blink".

     And it will be run.



7. Demo-Video



8. Dicimila become AVR-Writer
   

   We can use Dicimila as an universal AVR-Writer if we use avrdude-serjtag and the ICSP cable such as the photograph below. (click to enlarge)

     

Very thanks Mr.Suz who developed BitBang Mode AVR-Writer software "avrdude-serjtag".

update 2009.03.19 about ATmega328P

upload 2008.07.27 05:48(JST)

update 2008.08.01

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